Medicine
Albert Indonis
Abstract
It is a type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that appears suddenly following a sinus rhythm and drains suddenly. This rhythm may be caused by the rapid evacuation of an atrial fibrillation at a rate of 160-250 beats per minute, or conduction problems in the AV node, called AV node rotational ...
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It is a type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that appears suddenly following a sinus rhythm and drains suddenly. This rhythm may be caused by the rapid evacuation of an atrial fibrillation at a rate of 160-250 beats per minute, or conduction problems in the AV node, called AV node rotational tachycardia. In this way, an impulse is directed to an area of the AV node that causes the impulse to return repeatedly and rapidly from the same area (they have a shorter excitation phase) and each time the impulse is directed from this area to the ventricular side is also moved, causing a rapid ventricular response. Atrial tachycardia can be detected by three or more irregular atrial beats in a row with a rate of 250-220-250 beats per minute alternating with a normal sinus rhythm. Although PAT is also seen in clients with a healthy heart, it is often an underlying heart disease. Caffeine, nicotine, stress, hypoxemia, extreme fatigue, alcohol consumption, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary embolism, cardiopulmonary disease, thyrotoxicosis, digitalis intoxication and heart surgery can trigger PAT. PAT reduces ventricular filling time and mean arterial pressure and increases myocardial oxygen demand. Clinical symptoms vary according to the rate and duration of tachycardia and the underlying cause. If the duration of dysrhythmia is short, the patient complains of palpitations and confusion. But if it reduces cardiac output, signs and symptoms such as restlessness, chest pain, shortness of breath, paleness, hypotension and decreased level of consciousness occur.
Medicine
Albert Indonis
Abstract
The lateral branches are bypass grafts that run along the chest wall and are the beginning of where the right or left internal mammary arteries connect to the LAD artery to restore blood flow. Patients undergoing CPB surgery are more likely to bleed than patients undergoing Off Eump surgery. Also, lowering ...
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The lateral branches are bypass grafts that run along the chest wall and are the beginning of where the right or left internal mammary arteries connect to the LAD artery to restore blood flow. Patients undergoing CPB surgery are more likely to bleed than patients undergoing Off Eump surgery. Also, lowering the body temperature for a while leads to a decrease in platelet function. Preoperative evaluations, including platelet count and function, correct hematocrit that determines blood volume, reduce the risks and complications of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. Heart surgery patients should be routinely treated for coagulation disorders, hereditary, hemophilia, and von Willer's disease, and acquired infections such as lupus and lymphocytic leukemia, and recent use of OTC medications such as aspirin and ibuprofen, and dietary alternatives such as Vit E, Ginseng, and garlic. Get information about anything that interferes with coagulation. Taking antithrombotic drugs, which play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, can lead to bleeding. Such as the anticoagulants heparin, Lepirudin, and antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin, clopidogrel, which protect platelets from thio. Patients receiving highly effective anticoagulants and requiring emergency surgery can be tested with the high-sensitivity p2y12 test. This test shows that some people may be ready for surgery in as little as 1 to 2 days. Patients undergoing elective surgery should discontinue high-dose antiplatelet drugs such as glupidergrol for at least 5 to 7 days and low-potency drugs such as aspirin 1 to 3 days before surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding. Patients taking warfarin should stop taking it at least 5 days before surgery. Some may need vitamin K or a combination with FFP to counteract the effects of warfarin. This process can generally take between 6 and 8 hours.
